What Is Speciality for Upload an Article
Submission Guidelines
Near the Journal
PLOS Medicine publishes original research articles of outstanding medical importance. We will consider manuscripts of any length; we encourage the submission of both substantial full-length bodies of work and shorter manuscripts that report novel findings that might be based on a more than express range of experiments.
The writing style should exist concise and accessible, avoiding jargon so that the paper is understandable for readers outside a specialty or those whose starting time language is not English. Editors will make suggestions for how to achieve this, as well every bit suggestions for deletions or additions that could be made to the article to strengthen the argument. Our aim is to brand the editorial process rigorous and consistent, but non intrusive or overbearing. Authors are encouraged to use their ain vocalisation and to make up one's mind how best to present their ideas, results, and conclusions.
Almost the Journal
PLOS Medicine is committed to the highest ethical standards in medical research. Accordingly, nosotros inquire authors to provide specific information regarding upstanding treatment of inquiry participants, patient consent, patient privacy, protocols, authorship, and competing interests. We also enquire that reports of certain specific types of studies adhere to by and large accepted standards. Our requirements are based on the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, issued past the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors.
About the Submission Process
Format-free initial submission
PLOS Medicine uses the initial submission process, allowing authors to quickly submit to the periodical and obtain rapid feedback from the editors. If the editors decide that the work is suitable for peer review, authors will exist asked to provide a full submission with additional information.
| Qualifying article types | This process applies to all article types submitted to PLOS Medicine. |
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| Submission elements |
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| Submission format |
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Creating an initial submission is the most efficient way to obtain feedback from the journal. Authors who email with an enquiry will be asked to submit the manuscript as an initial submission.
Format-free full submission
If you receive an initial decision from the journal committing to peer review, you will be asked to complete a full submission with additional information including:
- Total writer list and author details
- Details of the availability of data generated in the report
- Details of whatever ethical approvals
- Details of clinical trials registration, if applicable
Mode and Format
The Style and Format criteria beneath are required only if the manuscript is pursued for publication with a positive conclusion after peer review. Authors invited to submit a revision will be prompted to format their manuscript in line with these requirements. We do not require specific formatting of manuscripts for Full Submission.
Style and Format
File format | Submit the manuscript file in DOC, DOCX, RTF, or PDF format. Your file should not be locked or protected. If you have written your manuscript in LaTeX, please submit as a PDF. Read the LaTeX guidelines. | ||||||||||
Length | Manuscripts tin be any length. There are no restrictions on give-and-take count, number of figures, or amount of supporting information. | ||||||||||
Font | Use a standard font size and any standard font, except for the font named "Symbol". To add together symbols to the manuscript, use the Insert → Symbol function in your word processor or paste in the advisable Unicode graphic symbol. | ||||||||||
Headings | Limit manuscript sections and sub-sections to three heading levels. Make sure heading levels are clearly indicated in the manuscript text. | ||||||||||
Layout and spacing | Manuscript text should be double-spaced. Do not format text in multiple columns. | ||||||||||
Page and line numbers | Include page numbers and line numbers in the manuscript file. Employ continuous line numbers (do not restart the numbering on each page). | ||||||||||
Footnotes | Footnotes are not permitted. If your manuscript contains footnotes, move the information into the principal text or the reference listing, depending on the content. | ||||||||||
Linguistic communication | Manuscripts must be submitted in English. You may submit translations of the manuscript or abstract as supporting data. Read the supporting data guidelines. | ||||||||||
Abbreviations | Ascertain abbreviations upon first appearance in the text. Exercise not use non-standard abbreviations unless they announced at to the lowest degree 3 times in the text. List all non-standard abbreviations (with definitions) in alphabetical order in a separate section at the beginning of the manuscript. Proceed abbreviations to a minimum. | ||||||||||
Reference style | PLOS uses "Vancouver" way, every bit outlined in the ICMJE sample references. See reference formatting examples and additional instructions beneath. | ||||||||||
Equations | We recommend using MathType for display and inline equations, as it will provide the well-nigh reliable issue. If this is non possible, Equation Editor or Microsoft's Insert→Equation part is acceptable. Please do not embed equations every bit images. Avoid using MathType, Equation Editor, or the Insert→Equation role to insert single variables (e.g., "a² + b² = c²"), Greek or other symbols (e.g., β, Δ, or ′ [prime]), or mathematical operators (eastward.g., x, ≥, or ±) in running text. Wherever possible, insert single symbols every bit normal text with the correct Unicode (hex) values. Practise not utilise MathType, Equation Editor, or the Insert→Equation function for only a portion of an equation. Rather, ensure that the entire equation is included. Equations should not contain a mix of dissimilar equation tools. Avoid "hybrid" inline or display equations, in which function is text and role is MathType, or part is MathType and office is Equation Editor. | ||||||||||
Classification | Employ correct and established nomenclature wherever possible.
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Manuscript Organization
Most manuscripts should be organized as follows. Instructions for each element appear below.
- Title
- Authors
- Affiliations
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Methods (or Methods and Materials)
- Results
- Discussion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Supporting data captions
Other elements
- Upon revision, figure files should be uploaded separately from the manuscript, and each effigy caption should be inserted in read order after the first paragraph where the figure is cited. Read more than information about our figure requirements during each stage of editorial review.
- Tables are inserted immediately after the first paragraph in which they are cited.
- Supporting information files are uploaded separately.
Parts of a Submission
Championship
Include a full title and a short title for the manuscript.
| Title | Length | Guidelines | Examples |
| Full title | 200 characters | Specific, descriptive, concise, and comprehensible to readers exterior the field | Impact of cigarette smoke exposure on innate immunity: ACaenorhabditis elegans model Solar drinking water disinfection (SODIS) to reduce babyhood diarrhoea in rural Bolivia: A cluster-randomized, controlled trial |
| Short title | lxx characters | State the topic of the study | Cigarette smoke exposure and innate immunity SODIS and childhood diarrhoea |
Titles should be written in sentence example (only the start discussion of the text, proper nouns, and genus names are capitalized). Avert specialist abbreviations if possible. For clinical trials, systematic reviews, or meta-analyses, the subtitle should include the study design.
Author list
Authorship requirements
All authors must meet the criteria for authorship equally outlined in the authorship policy. Those who contributed to the piece of work merely practise non meet the criteria for authorship tin can be mentioned in the Acknowledgments. Read more about Acknowledgments.
The corresponding author must provide an ORCID iD at the time of submission by entering it in the user profile in the submission system. Read more than most ORCID.
Author names and affiliations
During initial submission, enter author names on the title folio of the manuscript. If your manuscript is selected for peer review, you will also add author details to the submission arrangement.
On the title page, write author names in the following order:
- First name (or initials, if used)
- Middle proper noun (or initials, if used)
- Concluding name (surname, family name)
Each author on the list must take an affiliation. The affiliation includes department, university, or organizational amalgamation and its location, including city, state/province (if applicable), and land. Authors have the option to include a current accost in addition to the address of their amalgamation at the time of the study. The current address should be listed in the byline and clearly labeled "current accost." At a minimum, the accost must include the author'south current institution, metropolis, and land.
If an writer has multiple affiliations, enter the full list of affiliations on the title page. In the submission arrangement, enter only the preferred or master affiliation. Author affiliations volition be listed in the typeset PDF commodity in the same lodge that the authors are listed in the submission.
Author names will exist published exactly as they appear in the manuscript file. Please double-check the information carefully to make certain it is right.
Respective writer
The submitting writer is automatically designated as the respective writer in the submission system. The corresponding author is the chief contact for the journal office and the but author able to view or change the manuscript while information technology is under editorial consideration.
The corresponding writer role may be transferred to another coauthor. Nevertheless, annotation that transferring the corresponding author role too transfers access to the manuscript. (To designate a new corresponding writer while the manuscript is still nether consideration, watch the video tutorial below.)
Only one corresponding writer can exist designated in the submission organisation, but this does not restrict the number of corresponding authors that may exist listed on the article in the consequence of publication. Whoever is designated as a corresponding author on the title folio of the manuscript file will exist listed every bit such upon publication. Include an email address for each corresponding author listed on the title page of the manuscript.
How to select a new corresponding writer in Editorial Managing director
Consortia and group authorship
If a manuscript is submitted on behalf of a consortium or grouping, include its proper name in the manuscript byline. Practice not add it to the writer listing in the submission organization. You may include the full list of members in the Acknowledgments or in a supporting information file.
PubMed only indexes private consortium or group writer members listed in the article byline. If included, these individuals must qualify for authorship according to our criteria.
Author contributions
You lot will enter all author contributions in the submission organization if your manuscript is selected for peer review. Provide at minimum one contribution for each author, and utilise the CRediT taxonomy to describe each contribution. Read the policy and the full list of roles.
To qualify for authorship, all contributors must meet at least one of the seven cadre contributions (conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, information curation), likewise as at least 1 of the writing contributions (original draft preparation, review and editing). Authors may also satisfy the other remaining contributions; however, these alone will not qualify them for authorship.
Contributions volition be published with the final article, and they should accurately reflect contributions to the work. The submitting author is responsible for completing this data at full submission, and we await that all authors volition have reviewed, discussed, and agreed to their individual contributions ahead of this time.
All authors volition exist contacted via email upon Full Submission to ensure that they are aware of and approve the submission of the manuscript, its content, authorship, and lodge of authorship. Articles volition not be published unless all authors accept provided their assent to publication.
Cover letter
Upload a encompass letter of the alphabet as a separate file in the online arrangement.
The embrace alphabetic character should address the post-obit questions:
- Why is this manuscript suitable for publication in PLOS Medicine?
- Why volition your study inspire researchers or clinicians, and how will it amend patient care or public wellness, or drive the understanding of disease forward?
Title page
The title, authors, and affiliations should all be included on a championship page equally the start folio of the manuscript file.
Abstract
The Abstract comes after the title page in the manuscript file. The abstract text is as well entered in a separate field in the submission system.
The research article Abstract is divided into the following 3 sections: Background, Methods and Findings, and Conclusions. Information technology should contain all the following elements (items in square brackets are needed merely for some study types).
PLOS Medicine prefers abstract submissions non exceed 300 words, with a maximum of 500 words allowed.
Groundwork
- This section should clearly describe the rationale for the study. It should end with a statement of the specific study hypothesis and/or report objectives.
Methods and Findings
- Draw the study participants or what was studied (e.g., patient population, prison cell lines; be as specific as possible, including numbers of individuals studied). Describe the study blueprint, intervention if applicable, main methods used, chief consequence mensurate(southward), and length of follow up if applicable.
- [If appropriate, include how many participants were assessed out of those enrolled. For survey enquiry, include the response charge per unit.]
- [If critical to the understanding of the newspaper, describe how results were analyzed, i.east., which specific statistical tests were used.]
- Describe the main outcomes and quantify the results using a mensurate of precision (e.yard., 95% confidence interval). Describe any adverse events.
- Describe the main limitations of the written report.
Conclusions
- Provide a general estimation of the results with whatever important recommendations for time to come research.
- [For a clinical trial, provide any trial identification number(south) and name(south) (e.grand., trial registration number, protocol number or acronym).]
Introduction
The introduction should put the focus of the manuscript into a broader context. As you compose the Introduction, think of readers who are not experts in this field. Include a brief review of the fundamental literature. If there are relevant controversies or disagreements in the field, they should be mentioned so that a non-expert reader can delve into these issues further. The Introduction should conclude with a brief statement of the overall aim of the experiments and a comment nigh whether that aim was accomplished.
Methods
The Methods should provide enough detail for reproduction of the findings. Protocols for new methods should be included, but well-established methodological procedures may simply be referenced. A full description of the methods should be included in the manuscript itself rather than in a supplemental file.
Methods should also include a section with descriptions of whatever statistical methods used. The description should arrange to the criteria outlined by the Uniform Requirements, as follows:
Describe statistical methods with enough particular to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to gauge its ceremoniousness for the study and to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with advisable indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Avoid relying solely on statistical hypothesis testing, such every bit P values, which fail to convey of import information nearly effect size and precision of estimates. References for the blueprint of the report and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible (with pages stated). Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the statistical software bundle(south) and versions used. Distinguish prespecified from exploratory analyses, including subgroup analyses.
Submit detailed protocols for newer or less established methods. Well-established protocols may but be referenced. Protocol documents for clinical trials, observational studies, and other non-laboratory investigations may be uploaded as supporting information.
Nosotros recommend and encourage you to deposit laboratory protocols in protocols.io, where protocols can exist assigned their own persistent digital object identifiers (DOIs).
To include a link to a protocol in your article:
- Draw your footstep-by-step protocol on protocols.io
- Select Get DOI to issue your protocol a persistent digital object identifier (DOI)
- Include the DOI link in the Methods department of your manuscript using the following format provided by protocols.io: http://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.[PROTOCOL DOI]
At this phase, your protocol is simply visible to those with the link. This allows editors and reviewers to consult your protocol when evaluating the manuscript. You can make your protocols public at any time past selecting Publish on the protocols.io site. Any referenced protocol(s) will automatically exist fabricated public when your article is published.
PLOS 1 offers an selection for publishing peer-reviewed Lab Protocol articles, which describe protocols hosted on protocols.io articles. Read more information on Lab Protocol articles.
Results
The Results section should include all primary and secondary outcome measures analyzed. The section may be divided into subsections, each with a concise subheading. Tables and figures cardinal to the study should exist included in the master paper. The Results section should be written in by tense.
PLOS journals require authors to brand all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully bachelor without restriction, with rare exception.
Large data sets, including raw data, may be deposited in an appropriate public repository. Meet our listing of recommended repositories.
For smaller data sets and sure data types, authors may provide their information inside Supporting Data files accompanying the manuscript. Authors should take care to maximize the accessibility and reusability of the data past selecting a file format from which data can be efficiently extracted (for example, spreadsheets or flat files should exist provided rather than PDFs when providing tabulated data).
For more than data on how best to provide information, read our policy on information availability. PLOS does not accept references to "information not shown."
As outlined in the Compatible Requirements:
Give numeric results not only as derivatives (for instance, percentages) but also as the accented numbers from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical significance attached to them, if any. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explicate the argument of the paper and to assess supporting data. Utilize graphs equally an alternative to tables with many entries; practise not indistinguishable information in graphs and tables. Avert nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as "random" (which implies a randomizing device), "normal," "significant," "correlations," and "sample."
Discussion
The Discussion should exist concise and tightly argued. It should commencement with a brief summary of the chief findings. It should include paragraphs on the generalizability, clinical relevance, strengths, and limitations of your study.
You may wish to discuss the post-obit points also:
- How practice the conclusions touch on the existing knowledge in the field?
- How can future enquiry build on these observations and what are the key experiments that must be done?
Acknowledgments
Those who contributed to the work but practise non meet our authorship criteria should be listed in the Acknowledgments with a description of the contribution.
Authors are responsible for ensuring that anyone named in the Acknowledgments agrees to exist named.
PLOS journals publicly acknowledge the indispensable efforts of our editors and reviewers on an almanac ground. To ensure equitable recognition and avoid any appearance of partiality, do not include editors or peer reviewers—named or unnamed—in the Acknowledgments.
Do not include funding sources in the Acknowledgments or anywhere else in the manuscript file. Funding information should but be entered in the financial disclosure department of the submission arrangement.
References
Any and all available works can be cited in the reference listing. Adequate sources include:
- Published or accepted manuscripts
- Manuscripts on preprint servers, providing the manuscript has a citable DOI or arXiv URL.
Do non cite the following sources in the reference list:
- Unavailable and unpublished work, including manuscripts that have been submitted but not withal accepted (e.one thousand., "unpublished work," "data not shown"). Instead, include those information as supplementary cloth or deposit the information in a publicly bachelor database.
- Personal communications (these should be supported by a letter from the relevant authors but non included in the reference list)
- Submitted research should non rely upon retracted enquiry. Yous should avoid citing retracted manufactures unless you lot need to discuss retracted work to provide historical context for your submitted enquiry. If it is necessary to discuss retracted work, state the article'due south retracted condition in your article's text and reference listing.
Ensure that your reference list includes full and current bibliography details for every cited work at the time of your article's submission (and publication, if accepted). If cited work is corrected, retracted, or marked with an expression of business before your article is published, and if y'all feel information technology is advisable to cite the piece of work even in calorie-free of the mail service-publication notice, include in your manuscript citations and full references for both the afflicted article and the mail service-publication discover. Electronic mail the journal role if you take questions.
References are listed at the end of the manuscript and numbered in the social club that they appear in the text. In the text, cite the reference number in square brackets (eastward.g., "We used the techniques adult by our colleagues [19] to analyze the information"). PLOS uses the numbered citation (citation-sequence) method and first half dozen authors, et al.
Do not include citations in abstracts.
Make sure the parts of the manuscript are in the correct lodgebefore ordering the citations.
Formatting references
Considering all references will be linked electronically as much as possible to the papers they cite, proper formatting of references is crucial.
PLOS uses the reference style outlined by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), also referred to equally the "Vancouver" style. Case formats are listed beneath. Additional examples are in the ICMJE sample references.
A reference management tool, EndNote, offers a electric current style file that can assistance y'all with the formatting of your references. If you have bug with any reference direction plan, please contact the source company's technical back up.
Journal name abbreviations should exist those found in the National Eye for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases.
| Source | Format |
|---|---|
| Published articles | Hou WR, Hou YL, Wu GF, Song Y, Su Forty, Dominicus B, et al. cDNA, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of ribosomal protein gene L9 (rpL9) of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Genet Mol Res. 2011;10: 1576-1588. Devaraju P, Gulati R, Antony PT, Mithun CB, Negi VS. Susceptibility to SLE in South Indian Tamils may exist influenced by genetic selection pressure on TLR2 and TLR9 genes. Mol Immunol. 2014 Nov 22. pii: S0161-5890(14)00313-7. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.005. Annotation: A DOI number for the full-text commodity is acceptable as an alternative to or in addition to traditional book and page numbers. When providing a DOI, adhere to the format in the example in a higher place with both the label and full DOI included at the end of the reference (doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.005). Practise not provide a shortened DOI or the URL. |
| Accepted, unpublished articles | Same as published articles, simply substitute "Forthcoming" for folio numbers or DOI. |
| Online articles | Huynen MMTE, Martens P, Hilderlink HBM. The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework. Global Health. 2005;ane: 14. Available from: http://world wide web.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/14 |
| Books | Bates B. Bargaining for life: A social history of tuberculosis. 1st ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1992. |
| Book chapters | Hansen B. New York City epidemics and history for the public. In: Harden VA, Risse GB, editors. AIDS and the historian. Bethesda: National Institutes of Wellness; 1991. pp. 21-28. |
| Deposited manufactures (preprints, e-prints, or arXiv) | Krick T, Shub DA, Verstraete N, Ferreiro DU, Alonso LG, Shub M, et al. Amino acid metabolism conflicts with protein multifariousness. arXiv:1403.3301v1 [Preprint]. 2014 [cited 2014 March 17]. Available from: https://128.84.21.199/abs/1403.3301v1 Kording KP, Mensh B. Ten simple rules for structuring papers. BioRxiv [Preprint]. 2016 bioRxiv 088278 [posted 2016 Nov 28; revised 2016 Dec 14; revised 2016 Dec 15; cited 2017 Feb 9]: [12 p.]. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/088278v5 doi: 10.1101/088278 |
| Published media (print or online newspapers and magazine articles) | Fountain H. For Already Vulnerable Penguins, Study Finds Climatic change Is Some other Danger. The New York Times. 2014 Jan 29 [Cited 2014 March 17]. Bachelor from: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/xxx/science/globe/climate-modify-taking-cost-on-penguins-report-finds.html |
| New media (blogs, web sites, or other written works) | Allen L. Announcing PLOS Blogs. 2010 Sep 1 [cited 17 March 2014]. In: PLOS Blogs [Internet]. San Francisco: PLOS 2006 - . [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://blogs.plos.org/plos/2010/09/announcing-plos-blogs/. |
| Masters' theses or doctoral dissertations | Wells A. Exploring the development of the contained, electronic, scholarly journal. M.Sc. Thesis, The University of Sheffield. 1999. Available from: http://cumincad.scix.net/cgi-bin/works/Show?2e09 |
| Databases and repositories (Figshare, arXiv) | Roberts SB. QPX Genome Browser Characteristic Tracks; 2013 [cited 2013 October 5]. Database: figshare [Internet]. Available from: http://figshare.com/articles/QPX_Genome_Browser_Feature_Tracks/701214 |
| Multimedia (videos, movies, or TV shows) | Hitchcock A, producer and director. Rear Window [Film]; 1954. Los Angeles: MGM. |
Supporting information
Authors can submit essential supporting files and multimedia files along with their manuscripts. All supporting information volition be discipline to peer review. All file types can be submitted, simply files must exist smaller than twenty MB in size.
Authors may employ nearly any description as the particular name for a supporting data file as long as it contains an "S" and number. For example, "S1 Appendix" and "S2 Appendix," "S1 Table" and "S2 Table," and then along.
Supporting information files are published exactly every bit provided, and are not copyedited.
Supporting information captions
Listing supporting data captions at the cease of the manuscript file. Exercise non submit captions in a split file.
The file number and proper name are required in a explanation, and we highly recommend including a one-line championship too. Y'all may also include a legend in your caption, but it is not required.
Case caption S1 Text. Title is strongly recommended.
In-text citations
Nosotros recommend that you cite supporting information in the manuscript text, but this is not a requirement. If you cite supporting data in the text, citations practise non need to exist in numerical social club.
Figures and Tables
Effigy files
If you are submitting an Initial or Total Submission and would prefer to embed each figure in the manuscript, do so in read club, immediately following the paragraph where the figure is first mentioned and above the related figure caption.
Upon revision, fix and submit each figure every bit an individual file, removing all embedded figures.
Figure citations
Cite figures in ascending numeric order upon showtime appearance in the manuscript file.
Figure captions
Insert figure captions in the manuscript text, immediately following the paragraph where the effigy is first cited (read guild). Don't include captions equally part of the effigy files themselves or submit them in a separate document.
At a minimum, include the following in your figure captions:
- A figure label with Arabic numerals, and "Figure" abbreviated to "Fig" (e.g. Fig ane, Fig 2, Fig 3, etc). Match the label of your figure with the proper name of the file uploaded at submission (east.g. a effigy citation of "Fig i" must refer to a effigy file named "Fig1.tif").
- A concise, descriptive championship
The caption may also include a legend as needed.
Avoiding paradigm manipulation
As part of our efforts to amend published figure quality, we routinely and thoroughly check all main and supporting figures for all papers editorially accepted for publication in PLOS Medicine . In doing so, we non only ensure that all effigy files meet our requirements for publication and are bachelor to publish under our CC BY license, just also that nosotros remain vigilant to image manipulation of photographic images.
Image files should not exist manipulated or adapted in any way that could pb to misinterpretation of the information present in the original image. For full details on all-time practices regarding your figures, read our figure guidelines.
If bear witness is found of inappropriate manipulation, we reserve the correct to ask for original data and, if that is non satisfactory, we may decide not to have the manuscript, and may also contact the authors' institutions to inquire them to aid with investigation.
In checking for manipulation, we may request higher resolution versions of your images, or the original images, and so that nosotros can efficiently and accurately check all figures.
If you ever need to e-mail files to the journal office, our organization has a ten MB attachment limit, significant that we volition not receive any emails larger than this size. If your files are larger than 10 MB, delight either send them 1 electronic mail at a time, or expect into reducing the size of the files. If you are having problems sending u.s.a. large files, delight contact the periodical office for details of how we can help y'all transfer your files.
Tables
Cite tables in ascending numeric order upon get-go advent in the manuscript file.
Place each table in your manuscript file directly after the paragraph in which information technology is start cited (read order). Practise not submit your tables in dissever files.
Tables require a label (e.g., "Tabular array i") and brief descriptive title to be placed above the table. Identify legends, footnotes, and other text below the tabular array.
Information reporting
All data and related metadata underlying the findings reported in a submitted manuscript should be deposited in an appropriate public repository, unless already provided every bit office of the submitted article.
Repositories may be either bailiwick-specific (where these be) and accept specific types of structured data, or generalist repositories that accept multiple data types. We recommend that authors select repositories appropriate to their field. Repositories may be subject-specific (due east.thou., GenBank for sequences and PDB for structures), general, or institutional, as long as DOIs or accretion numbers are provided and the data are at least as open as CC BY. Authors are encouraged to select repositories that meet accepted criteria as trustworthy digital repositories, such as criteria of the Middle for Research Libraries or Information Seal of Blessing. Large, international databases are more than likely to persist than modest, local ones.
To back up information sharing and author compliance of the PLOS information policy, we have integrated our submission process with a select set of data repositories. The listing is neither representative nor exhaustive of the suitable repositories available to authors. Current repository integration partners include Dryad and FlowRepository. Please contact information@plos.org to brand recommendations for further partnerships.
Instructions for PLOS submissions with data deposited in an integration partner repository:
- Eolith data in the integrated repository of choice.
- One time deposition is last and consummate, the repository will provide you lot with a dataset DOI (provisional) and private URL for reviewers to gain access to the data.
- Enter the given data DOI into the total Data Availability Statement, which is requested in the Boosted Information section of the PLOS Total Submission form. So provide the URL passcode in the Attach Files section.
If you have any questions, please email us.
Accretion numbers
All appropriate data sets, images, and data should be deposited in an appropriate public repository. See our list of recommended repositories.
Accession numbers (and version numbers, if appropriate) should exist provided in the Data Availability Argument. Accretion numbers or a citation to the DOI should also be provided when the data fix is mentioned within the manuscript.
In some cases authors may not be able to obtain accession numbers of DOIs until the manuscript is accepted; in these cases, the authors must provide these numbers at acceptance. In all other cases, these numbers must be provided at full submission.
Identifiers
As much as possible, please provide accession numbers or identifiers for all entities such as genes, proteins, mutants, diseases, etc., for which in that location is an entry in a public database, for example:
- Ensembl
- Entrez Gene
- FlyBase
- InterPro
- Mouse Genome Database (MGD)
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Human (OMIM)
- PubChem
Identifiers should be provided in parentheses after the entity on first use.
Additional Information Requested at Submission
Fiscal Disclosure Statement
This information should describe sources of funding that have supported the piece of work. If your manuscript is published, your statement will appear in the Funding section of the article.
Include your statement in the Financial Disclosure department of the initial submission course.
The statement should include:
- Specific grant numbers
- Initials of authors who received each award
- URLs to sponsors' websites
As well land whether any sponsors or funders (other than the named authors) played whatever part in:
- Report design
- Data drove and analysis
- Decision to publish
- Preparation of the manuscript
If they had no function in the inquiry, include this judgement: "The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."
If the study was unfunded, include this sentence as the Financial Disclosure statement: "The author(s) received no specific funding for this work."
Competing interests
This section should listing specific competing interests associated with any of the authors. If authors declare that no competing interests be, the article will include a statement to this effect.
All authors will be contacted past e-mail at submission of the full paper to declare whether they have any financial, personal or professional interests that could be construed to have influenced their paper. Any relevant competing interests of authors must exist available to editors and reviewers during the review procedure and will be stated in published articles.
Related manuscripts
When submitting a manuscript, all authors are asked to indicate that they do not have a related or duplicate manuscript under consideration (or accepted) for publication elsewhere. If related work has been or volition be submitted elsewhere or is in printing elsewhere, then a re-create must be uploaded with the article submitted to PLOS. Reviewers volition be asked to annotate on the overlap between related submissions.
Preprints
PLOS encourages authors to post preprints to accelerate the dissemination of inquiry and support authors who wish to share their work early and receive feedback before formal peer review. Deposition of manuscripts with preprint servers does not impact consideration of the manuscript at any PLOS periodical.
Authors posting on bioRxiv or medRxiv may submit directly to relevant PLOS journals through the bioRxiv direct transfer to journal service.
Guidelines for Specific Study Types
Report design, reporting, and analyses are assessed confronting all relevant research and methodological technique standards held past the community. Guidelines for specific study types are outlined below.
Authors must check the EQUATOR Network site for any reporting guidelines that employ to the particular report design and ensure they include any required supporting information recommended past the relevant guidelines.
Documentation for specific studies should be uploaded as supporting information during manuscript submission. When referencing parts of the manuscript in these documents, please quote section or paragraph numbers rather than page numbers, as page numbers in your submission may not match those of the published manuscript.
Man and fauna inquiry
All research involving humans and animals must have been canonical by the authors' institutional review lath or equivalent committee(s), and that board must exist named by the authors in the manuscript.
For enquiry involving man participants, informed consent must have been obtained or the reason for lack of consent explained, and all clinical investigations must take been conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. The Methods section of the paper must land whether informed consent was written or oral. If informed consent was oral, it must be stated in the paper: (a) why written consent could not be obtained, (b) that the IRB approved the use of oral consent, and (c) how oral consent was documented.
Authors may exist required to submit, on request, a statement from the research ethics committee or institutional review lath indicating approval of the research. Nosotros likewise encourage authors to submit a sample of a patient consent form, and may crave submission in particular instances.
For studies involving humans categorized by race/ethnicity, historic period, affliction/disabilities, religion, sexual activity/gender, sexual orientation, or other socially constructed groupings, authors should, as much as possible,
- make explicit their methods of categorizing human being populations;
- define categories in as much detail as the study protocol allows;
- justify their choices of definitions and categories, including for example whether any rules of human being categorization were required by their funding bureau;
- explicate whether (and if and so, how) they controlled for confounding variables such as socioeconomic condition, nutrition, environmental exposures, etc.
In addition, outmoded terms and potentially stigmatizing labels should be inverse to more current, acceptable terminology. For example, "white" should exist used rather than "Caucasian" and "patients with cancer" should be used rather than "cancer patients" or "cancer victims".
PLOS Medicine publishes few animate being studies but will consider animal studies of two kinds:
- Translational studies that establish a novel explanatory machinery for a meaning clinical problem, to an extent that volition directly inform specific clinical approaches. Such papers must include or refer to homo data that is sufficiently compelling to establish clinical relevance of the fauna model.
- Models relevant to the treatment or prevention of major wellness bug, in which the interventions cannot be tested in humans for ethical reasons, just will provide compelling justification for specific changes in the design of subsequent clinical trials.
All animate being work must take been conducted according to relevant national and international guidelines. In addition,PLOS Medicine requires that animal research follows the ARRIVE guidelines. In accord with the recommendations of the Weatherall written report, The use of non-human primates in research, nosotros specifically require authors to include details of animal welfare and steps taken to ameliorate suffering in all piece of work involving non-human being primates. The institution that approved the study must be named, and it must be stated in the paper that the study was conducted adhering to the institution'southward guidelines for creature husbandry.
Patient privacy and informed consent for publication
Our human participant policy conforms to the Uniform Requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors:
Patients have a right to privacy that should not exist infringed without informed consent. Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. Informed consent for this purpose requires that the patient be shown the manuscript to be published. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve, and informed consent for publication should exist obtained if at that place is any doubt. If information are changed to protect anonymity, authors should provide balls that alterations of the information do not misconstrue scientific meaning. When informed consent has been obtained information technology should exist indicated in the published commodity.
For papers that include identifying information, or potentially identifying information, authors must download theConsent Class for Publication in a PLOS Journal (below), which the patient, parent, or guardian must sign once they have read the newspaper and been informed nearly the terms of the PLOS content license.
Once authors have obtained the signed consent class, it should be filed deeply in the patient'southward case notes and the manuscript submitted to PLOS should include this statement indicating that specific consent for publication was obtained: "The patients in this manuscript take given written informed consent (as outlined in the PLOS consent form) to publication of their case details."
Download the PLOS consent form (PDF):
- English
- French
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- Spanish
- Chinese
Clinical trials
PLOS follows the World Health Organization'south (WHO) definition of a clinical trial:
A clinical trial is any enquiry written report that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to 1 or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes [...] Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiologic procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, process-of-intendance changes, preventive care, etc.
Registering Clinical Trials
All clinical trials submitted to PLOS journals must be entered in a publicly attainable registry approved past the WHO or ICMJE. See the list of approved registries.
PLOS journals consider prospective trial registration (that is, registration before participant enrollment has begun) to be best publication do, as recommended by the ICMJE. Clinical trials that began to enroll participants before ICMJE recommendations took event on July 1, 2005 may exist retrospectively registered.
More data about trial registration, including the WHO definition of a clinical trial, is in the ICMJE FAQ.
PLOS Medicine is unlikely to publish clinical trials that are non prospectively registered. We recognize, notwithstanding, that in rare cases late registration may occur for exceptional reasons that merit consideration. Authors seeking evaluation by PLOS Medicine of a not–prospectively registered clinical trial must provide a compelling reason for lack of prospective registration.
In addition, as for all PLOS journals, authors wishing to submit a clinical trial that was not publicly registered earlier participant enrollment began must register the trial retrospectively in a publicly accessible registry. They must too:
- Register all related clinical trials and confirm they have washed then in the Methods department
- Explain in the Methods the specific reasons for failing to register before participant enrollment
- Ostend that hereafter trials will be registered prospectively
PLOS journal editors may refuse to further consider any clinical trial for which, in the editor's judgment, absence of prospective registration raises concerns of selective publication or selective reporting of inquiry outcomes.
PLOS supports the public disclosure of all clinical trial results, as mandated, for example, by the 2007 FDA Amendments Act. Prior disclosure of results on a clinical trial registry site volition not affect consideration.
Required Documentation
Clinical trial reports must adhere to the relevant reporting guidelines for their study design, such as Espoused for randomized controlled trials, TREND for non-randomized trials, and other specialized guidelines equally appropriate.
For all clinical trial submissions, authors must include the following:
- Registration details (reported in the Methods department and in the submission form)
- Consort checklist or relevant reporting guideline (uploaded as supporting information)
- CONSORT menstruation diagram (uploaded equally Fig 1)
- Trial protocol (uploaded as supporting information)
- Details of prior approval for human subjects research past an institutional review lath (IRB) or equivalent ideals committee(due south)
The submission will not be considered if documentation is non provided. The checklist, flow diagram, and protocol volition be published with the article if the manuscript is accustomed.
The manuscript file must include the following information:
- An caption of any departure from the trial protocol
- Description of informed consent obtained from participants
- Any data on statistical methods or participants non indicated in the CONSORT documentation
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Reports of systematic reviews and meta-analyses must attach to the PRISMA Statement or alternative guidelines advisable to the study blueprint, and include the completed checklist and flow diagram to accompany the main text. Authors must complete the appropriate reporting checklist not merely with folio references, but also with sufficient text excerpted from the manuscript to explicate how they achieved all applicative items.
Download blank templates of the checklist and menstruation diagram from the EQUATOR web site.
Abstracts should follow PRISMA for Abstracts, using the PLOS abstract format. Authors must also state inside the Methods section of their newspaper whether a protocol exists for their systematic review, and if so, provide a copy of the protocol as supporting information.
The periodical supports the prospective registration of systematic reviews. Authors whose systematic review was prospectively registered (e.g., in a registry such every bit PROSPERO) should provide the registry number in their abstract. Registry details and protocols volition be fabricated available to editors and reviewers, and included with the paper if the study is ultimately published.
PLOS Medicine does not publish narrative reviews except as part of invited Collections
Diagnostic studies
Reports of studies of diagnostic accuracy must adhere to the STARD requirements or culling guidelines appropriate to the study design (see the EQUATOR web site) and include a completed checklist as supporting data. Authors must consummate the appropriate reporting checklist non just with page references, but too with sufficient text excerpted from the manuscript to explain how they addressed all applicable items.
Observational studies
For observational studies, including case control, accomplice, and cantankerous-sectional studies, authors must adhere to the STROBE Statement or alternative guidelines appropriate to the study design (see the EQUATOR web site) and include a completed checklist as supporting information. Authors must complete the appropriate reporting checklist not only with folio references, merely also with sufficient text excerpted from the manuscript to explain how they addressed all applicative items.
For observational studies, authors are required to clearly specify (a) What specific hypotheses the researchers intended to examination, and the analytical methods by which they planned to test them; (b) What analyses they actually performed; and (c) When reported analyses differ from those that were planned, authors must provide transparent explanations for differences that affect the reliability of the study's results.
If a prospective analysis programme (from the study's funding proposal, IRB or other ethics committee submission, study protocol, or other planning document written before analyzing the information) was used in designing an observational study, authors must include the relevant prospectively written document with the manuscript submission for access by editors and reviewers and eventual publication alongside the accepted paper. If no prospectively written document exists, authors should explain how and when they determined the analyses being reported.
Microarray experiments
Reports of microarray experiments must conform to the MIAME guidelines, and the data from the experiments must be deposited in a publicly attainable database.
Biological and biomedical research
We recommend authors refer to the BioSharing Portal for prescriptive checklists for reporting biological and biomedical research where applicable.
Animal studies
Studies including animals must follow the Make it guidelines and include a completed ARRIVE Checklist as supporting information. Authors must complete the appropriate reporting checklist not only with folio references, only also with sufficient text excerpted from the manuscript to explain how they addressed all applicative items.
Small and macromolecule crystal data
Manuscripts reporting new and unpublished three-dimensional structures must include sufficient supporting data and detailed descriptions of the methodologies used to allow the reproduction and validation of the structures. All novel structures must take been deposited in a customs endorsed database prior to submission (please come across our list of recommended repositories).
Small molecule single crystal data
Authors reporting 10-Ray crystallographic structures of small organic, metallic-organic, and inorganic molecules must eolith their data with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), or similar customs databases providing a recognized validation functionality. Authors are also required to include the relevant structure reference numbers within the main text (e.thousand. the CCDC ID number), as well equally the crystallographic information files (.cif format) equally Supplementary Data, along with the checkCIF validation reports that tin can exist obtained via the International Spousal relationship of Crystallography (IUCr).
Macromolecular structures
Authors reporting novel macromolecular structures must take deposited their information prior to initial submission with the Worldwide Protein Data Banking company (wwPDB), the Biological Magnetic Resonance Information Bank (BMRB), the Electron Microscopy Data Bank (EMDB), or other community databases providing a recognized validation functionality. Authors must include the structure reference numbers within the chief text and submit equally Supplementary Information the official validation reports from these databases.
Other Commodity Types
PLOS Community Action Publishing (CAP) – not member fee support
PLOS Medicine no longer has APCs, and instead is funded by a new commonage action model called PLOS Community Action Publishing (CAP). Institutions pay to get community members so their authors are not subject to fees. Corresponding and contributing authors from not-fellow member institutions are subject area to not-member fees.
To find out if your institution is a PLOS Medicine CAP member, please visit our institutional partner page and search by your institutional name or by the agreement type "Customs Action Publishing."
If the corresponding author's establishment is a fellow member, they will be notified at acceptance that no fees are required. If the corresponding writer's instution is not a member, they will be field of study to a non-member fee. If the non-member corresponding writer'scoauthors belong to fellow member institutions, there is a 25% discount on the non-member fee. Exist sure to check if your contributing authors' institutions are members to take advantage of this discount.
Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/s/submission-guidelines
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